The International Monetary Fund is confronting internal criticism over flaws identified in some of its largest bailout programmes, according to a review of its lending.

Analysts cautioned that the outlook remains clouded by uncertainty over the path of interest rates, with policymakers signalling they are prepared to move in either direction depending on incoming data.

Investors have grown increasingly sensitive to shifts in tone from central banks, and trading volumes spiked in the hours following the announcement as funds repositioned their portfolios.

What it means for markets

The development is the latest in a series of moves that have reshaped expectations for the months ahead, prompting economists to revise their forecasts and reassess the balance of risks.

Market participants will be watching closely for further guidance, with several major data releases scheduled in the coming weeks that could prove decisive for sentiment.